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VERB TENSES

PRESENT SIMPLE (HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN)

Structure (Cấu trúc)	Example (Ví dụ)
I/ We/ You/ They + V (động từ nguyên mẫu). He/ She/ It + V (động từ thêm s/es)	I ride my bike every day. Betty always brushes her hair with it.
He/ She/ It + does not (doesn’t) + V (động từ nguyên mẫu) I/ You/ We/ They + do not (don’t) + V (động từ nguyên mẫu)	My grandmother doesn’t eat pizza at night. Her fingers don’t get cold.
Do + I/ we/ you/ they + V (động từ nguyên mẫu)? Does + he/ she/ it + V (động từ nguyên mẫu)?	Do you play video games in your classroom sometimes? Where does Kim have lunch?

PRESENT CONTINUOUS (HIỆN TẠI TIẾP DIỄN) 

Structure (Cấu trúc)	Example (Ví dụ)
S + be (am/ is/ are) + V-ing.	The woman is cutting some bread. Dad and Daisy are talking about the noisy party last night.
S + be (am/ is/ are) + not + V-ing.	He isn’t eating pizza. They aren’t talking to their grandpa.
Be (Am/ Is/ Are) + S + V-ing?	Are you doing homework, Jack?

PAST SIMPLE TENSE (QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN)

Structure (Cấu trúc)	Example (Ví dụ)
S + V-ed/2 (động từ quá khứ thêm ed hoặc cột 2)	Sofia carried her school things in the bag. Her grandmother made the apple pie.
S + did not (didn’t) + V (động từ nguyên mẫu).	He didn’t have to go to school last Monday.
Did + S + V (động từ nguyên mẫu)?	Did he go to school yesterday?

PAST CONTINUOUS (QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN) 

Structure (Cấu trúc)	Example (Ví dụ)
We/ You/ They + were + V-ing. I/ He/ She/ It + was + V-ing.	They were practicing English at that time. Yesterday, Mr. Moore was working in the lab all the afternoon.
We/ You/ They + were not (weren’t) + V-ing. I/ He/ She/ It + was not (wasn’t not) + V-ing.	We weren’t speaking. He wasn’t speaking.
Were + we/ you/ they + V-ing? Was + I/ He/ She/ It + V-ing?	What were you doing from 3 p.m to 6 p.m yesterday? What was she doing when you saw her?

PRESENT PERFECT (HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH)

Structure (Cấu trúc)	Example (Ví dụ)
I/ We/ You/ They + have + V3 (quá khứ phân từ) He/ She/ It + has + V3 (quá khứ phân từ)	I have just seen my sister in the park. She has finished her homework recently.
I/ We/ You/ They + have not (haven’t) + V3 (quá khứ phân từ) He/ She/ It + has not (hasn’t) + V3 (quá khứ phân từ)	We haven’t gone to Hanoi. Mary hasn’t done her homework.
Have + I/ We/ You/ They + V3 (quá khứ phân từ)? Has + he/ she/ it + V3 (quá khứ phân từ)?	Have you ever been to America? Has he read that novel?

BE GOING TO (TƯƠNG LAI GẦN)

Structure (Cấu trúc)	Example (Ví dụ)
S + be (am/ is/ are) + going to + V (động từ nguyên mẫu).	I am going to speak.
S + be (am/ is/ are) + not + going to +  V (động từ nguyên mẫu).	I am not going to speak.
Be (am/ is/ are) + S + going to + V  (động từ nguyên mẫu)?	Are you going to speak?

FUTURE SIMPLE (TƯƠNG LAI ĐƠN)

Structure (Cấu trúc)	Example (Ví dụ)
S + will + V (động từ nguyên mẫu).	You will have an unusual train journey on Friday.
S + will not (won’t) + V (động từ nguyên mẫu).	You won’t go sledding in the mountains.
Will + S + v (động từ nguyên mẫu)?	Will you visit your grandma next week?

be used to (hành động đã trở nên quen thuộc): đã quen với 

get used to: đã dần quen với

Structure (Cấu trúc)	Example (Ví dụ)
S + be used to / get used to + V – ing.	I am used to eating healthy food He got used to American food.

Present perfect simple (Thì hiện tại hoàn thành

Structure (Cấu trúc)	Example (Ví dụ)
(+) S + has/ have + V (quá khứ phân từ) (-) S + has/ have + not + V (quá khứ phân từ) (?) Have/ Has + S + V (quá khứ phân từ)?	(+) The scientist has won many prizes. (-) The students haven’t completed a project on the environment yet. (?) Have you finished your homework?

Present perfect continuous (Thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn)

Structure (Cấu trúc)	Example (Ví dụ)
(+) S + has/ have + been + V-ing. (-) S + has/ have + not + been + V- ing. (?) Have/ Has + S + been + V-ing?	(+) We have been recycling for many years. (-) I haven’t been studying English for 5 years. (?) Has he been typing the report since this morning?

Relative Clauses: (mệnh đề quan hệ) + defining: xác định (đề cập thông tin quan trọng của đối tượng được nói đến, khi bỏ mệnh đề quan hệ sẽ làm thay đổi ý nghĩa của cả câu.) + non-defining: không xác định (thông tin được bổ sung thêm không quan trọng, khi bỏ mệnh đề quan hệ  vẫn không làm thay đổi ý nghĩa của cả câu. Các mệnh đề được ngăn cách bởi dấu phẩy)
Structure (Cấu trúc)	Example (Ví dụ)
Thời gian + when	My grandparents remember the day when they first met.
Nơi chốn + where	That’s the shop where my neighbor works.
Vật + which / that	Did you like the poster which/ that I bought to you?
Người + who / that	I think people who/ that speak three languages are clever.
Người + whose	Is that the man whose dog saved the little girl?

Temporals (liên từ thời gian)

Structure (Cấu trúc)	Example (Ví dụ)
Main clause + when/ until/ the moment/ as soon as/ before/ after/ by the time + clause (simple tense)	Michael will call as soon as he has any news. When we go to Italy, we’ll visit our cousins.

Be going to: sẽ (kế hoạch trong tương lai, có thời gian cụ thể)

Structure (Cấu trúc)	Example (Ví dụ)
S + am/ is/ are + going to + V (động từ nguyên mẫu)	I am going to take a Math exam next week.
S + am/ is/ are + not + going to + V (động từ nguyên mẫu).	He is not going to swim at the beach this summer.
(Wh- question) + am/is/are + S + going to + V (động từ nguyên mẫu)?	What are they going to do this weekend?

Future simple tense (thì tương lai đơn, dự đoán hoặc quyết định làm gì ngay lúc nói)

Structure (Cấu trúc)	Example (Ví dụ)
S + will + V (động từ nguyên mẫu).	I will get a taxi.
S + will + not + V (động từ nguyên mẫu).	He will not (won’t) help me.
Will + S + V (động từ nguyên mẫu)?	Will you buy a drink?

Conditionals: zero & first (Câu điều kiện loại 0 và 1) 

Câu điều kiện loại 0: diễn tả sự thật hiển nhiên ở hiện tại hoặc quá khứ. 

Câu điều kiện loại 1: diễn tả điều có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai

Structure (Cấu trúc)	Example (Ví dụ)
If (how/when) + present simple, present simple/ present perfect.	If you have a phone, you don’t need a camera.
If (how/ when) + present simple, future simple	If you go camping, you will need a tent.

Second conditional (điều kiện loại 2: diễn tả điều không thể xảy ra trong hiện tại hoặc tương lai)

Structure (Cấu trúc)	Example (Ví dụ)
If + past simple, I + would + V (động từ nguyên mẫu).	If I won Wimbledon, I’d be famous.

Past perfect simple (Quá khứ hoàn thành)

Structure (Cấu trúc)	Example (Ví dụ)
S + had + V (quá khứ phân từ) S + hadn’t (had not) + V (quá khứ phân từ). Had + S + V (quá khứ phân từ)?	I had spoken. I had not spoken. Had I spoken?

Structure (Cấu trúc)	Example (Ví dụ)
S + had been + V- ing. S + hadn’t been + V- ing. Had + S + been + V- ing?	He had been talking. He had not been talking. Had he been talking?

Question Tags (câu hỏi đuôi)

Structure (Cấu trúc)	Example (Ví dụ)
S + special verb….., special verb + not + S?	You are a student, aren’t you? She has just bought a new bicycle, hasn’t she?
S + special verb + not….., special verb + S?	He didn’t come here, did he? They hadn’t met you before, had they?
S + modal verb ……………. , modal verb + not + S?	He can speak English, can’t he?
S + modal verb + not …………… , modal verb + S?	Sue won’t go to school this afternoon, will she?

Modals (động từ khiếm khuyết) & Semi Modal (động từ bán khiếm khuyết

Structure (Cấu trúc)	Example (Ví dụ)
S + could/ may/ might/ must/ can’t + V (động từ nguyên mẫu). việc nào đó chắc chắn xảy ra/ không xảy ra.	Harry could be in the library. I may travel abroad next year.
S + can/ could/ be able to + V. có thể (làm gì)	She has to go to the supermarket. You need to go to bed earlier.
S + should/ shouldn’t/ ought to + V (động từ nguyên mẫu). lời khuyên	You should eat more fruit and vegetables.

Modals & Semi modals

Structure (Cấu trúc)	Example (Ví dụ)
S + can, could, may + V (động từ nguyên mẫu): yêu cầu, đề nghị	Can I go to the party, please? Could you get me a glass of water, please?
S + must/mustn’t/ have to + V (động từ nguyên mẫu): bắt buộc	I must make some snacks for the party. You have to be at the sports club by 7 o’clock.
S + needn’t/ not have to+ V (động từ nguyên mẫu): không cần thiết phải làm	You needn’t buy any milk because there’s some in the fridge. You don’t have to go to the festival if you don’t want to.

Passive voice (câu bị động)

Structure (Cấu trúc)	Example (Ví dụ)
S + (have/has/ had/will) + tobe + V (quá khứ phân từ) + (by/ with + O).	Cameras are used in shops to help prevent crime.
by + the agent	The new worker will be shown around the factory by the manager.
with + tool/ material	The computer has been cleaned with a special brush.

Passive voice (câu bị động): Gerunds, Infinitives & Modal Verbs
Structure (Cấu trúc)	Example (Ví dụ)
S+V1 + being + V2 (quá khứ phân từ).	I imagine being watched by cameras are not relevant.
S+V1 + to be + V2 (quá khứ phân từ)	The scientist decided to be involved in the project.
S + modal verbs + be + V (quá khứ phân từ)	The public should be told about the dangers of mobile phones.

MẪU CÂU NÓI

Examiner does this	Back-up question
What presents do you buy for your friends?Why do you give presents?Tell me something about a present you received that you really likedTell us about your homeWhat do you use the internet for?What do you usually do when you get home from school?What is your favorite day of the week?Would you like to learn to play a musical instrument?How do you usually travel to school?What’s your favorite kind of film?Tell us about the clothes you like wearing
Tell us about a teacher you like	Which teacher do you like?
How often do you use a mobile phone?	Do you often use a mobile phone?
Which time of year do you like most?	What’s your favorite time of  year?
Which do you like best, the morning or the afternoon?	Which is better, morning or afternoon?
Tell us about sports you like
What type of music do you like listening to?	Do you like music? what type?
Tell us what you do in the school holidays
What new hobby would you like to try?	Have you got a hobby? What is it?

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